S100A4 Antibody

About the Target

S100A4, also known as fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP1) or metastasin-1 (MTS1), is a highly conserved 101-amino-acid calcium-binding protein of the S100 family, characterized by two EF-hand motifs-an N-terminal pseudo-EF-hand and a C-terminal canonical EF-hand-that undergo calcium-dependent conformational changes enabling dimerization or oligomerization. Encoded on chromosome 1q21, S100A4 is widely expressed in diverse cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells, and neural cells, and is localized in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and extracellular space. Depending on the literature source, S100A4 may also be discussed as CAPL and MTS1.

Reported cellular context includes cytoplasm, nucleus, and secreted, which can matter when signal is compared across treatments or changing cell states. Following S100A4 across matched perturbations can help separate abundance effects from shifts in localization, complex assembly, or pathway state.

Research Context

S100A4 is commonly interpreted in the context of immunology, inflammation, and cardiovascular research, and readouts are often stronger when a study separates expression changes from compartment-level redistribution. When reported signal spans cytoplasm, nucleus, and secreted, a defined reference condition can make comparisons more interpretable across perturbations, passages, or replicate sets.

Consider these angles when interpreting target-level changes:

• apparent redistribution between cytoplasm, nucleus, and secreted across matched conditions
• context differences tied to immune-cell state, activation, or lineage composition
• responses associated with cytokine exposure, inflammatory tone, or tissue stress
• changes linked to vascular, contractile, or hemodynamic cell-state cues

Variant Considerations

If your project spans exploratory questions, the regular version offers a balanced option for establishing baseline signal behavior for S100A4. This can help when protocols evolve over time and the goal is to compare experiments using a stable reference workflow.

Standardize sampling time, control choice, and downstream analysis thresholds so apparent differences in S100A4 reflect biology rather than handling. When interpreting S100A4, it is often useful to decide early whether the main question is overall abundance, compartmental enrichment, or context-dependent redistribution.

For multi-run studies, a shared reference condition can keep S100A4 trends easier to compare across datasets. That kind of consistency is especially helpful when follow-up work expands to new perturbations, model systems, or longitudinal collections.